Major separation

بينونة كبرى

لا تصحّ المراجعة فيها إلاّ بعد أن تتزوّج الزَّوجة زوجًا آخر ، طلاق لا رجعة فيه

This is separation in which it is not possible for the husband and wife to get together unless the wife first marries another husband. Only after divorce from him can she remarry her first husband.

Small separation

بينونة صغرى

ما يمكن للزَّوجين فيها العودة بعقد ومهر جديدين ، طلاق له رجعة

Separation in which it is possible for the two spouses to return to one another by means of a new contract and mahr

The five prayers

Adjectival Phrase


الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ


Meaning 


The five prayers



الصَّلَوَاتُ

this word means prayers. It is plural


الْخَمْسُ

this word means five


Together they form an adjectival phrase.

Note that in an adjectival phrase both words have Alif Laam at the beginning. This is because the noun must agree with its adjective in definiteness. If the noun has Alif Laam so must the adjective. If the noun does not have Alif Laam, then the adjective cannot have Alif Laam.


Also note that they both have dammah on the last letter. The adjective and noun must agree with one another in state. A word which has dammah on the last letter is said to be in the nominative case. The adjective has to be in the nominative case if the noun is in the nominative case.

If the noun is in the genitive case so must the adjective, and if the noun is in the accusative case so must the adjective. 

Agreement of the Ummah

Construct

إجماع الأمة


Transliteration


'ijmaa Al-'ummah

Pronunciation


'ijmaa'ul ummah

Meaning


إجماع

the word means consensus, agreement (on something)


الأمة

this means nation


Together they form a construct which means consensus of the Ummah [on something] (i.e. usually in the context of Muslim Nation)

Takbeer of Intiqaal

Construct


تَكْبِيرُ الِانْتِقَالِ



تَكْبِيرُ - this is a verbal noun which refers to the act of saying Allah(u) Akbar

الِانْتِقَالِ - this is also a verbal noun which refers to transition, change of position, to move from one place to another




Together they form a construct. The second word has kasrah as the second word of a construct must

The change of position in the phrase refers to going into bowing, rising from it, going into prostration, getting up from it, etc., in prayer




Thus, the phrase means

The saying of Allah(u) Akbar [between] change in position during prayer [i.e. going from one position to another]

An example is when one begins to go into the bowing position from the standing position after completion of Soorah Al-Faatiah and another Soorah. One says Allah(u) Akbar during this change in position and his saying of Allah(u) Akbar during this change of position is refered to as


تَكْبِيرُ الِانْتِقَالِ

The sciences of the Qur'aan

Construct

عُلُومُ الْقُرْآنِ 


عُلُومِ - is the plural of علم which means knowledge and the plural means sciences in the sense of a systematically organized body of knowledge on a particular subject


الْقُرْآنِ - Refers to the Qur'aan which is the Holy Book of the Muslims


Together the phrase means

The sciences of the Qur'aan or

The systematically organized body of the branches of knowledge of [i.e. related to] the Qur'aan

Between the hide and the flesh

Prepositional Phrase

بَيْنَ الْجِلْدِ وَاللَّحْمِ 

Between the hide and the flesh



بَيْنَ - preposition which means between


الْجِلْدِ - the skin, hide, leather


وَ - conjunction which means and


اللَّحْمِ - noun which means the flesh, the meat




Together the words form a prepositional phrase

A word after a preposition has kasrah on the last letter as can be seen on the word Al-Jild(i).

Since the word Al-Lahm(i) is also being governed by the preposition, it too has kasrah.